Discussion
Diabetes mellitus hinders the tendency of the human body to break down the carbohydrates into glucose and utilize it, which eventually increases the amount of glucose in blood and incorporates severe damage to the nervous system and other body organs. The increasing number of individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is threatening, as is it estimated that the prevalence of diabetes in the Saudi Arabian region will become 334 million. Similarly, the prevalence of obesity is also observed to be increasing due to the change in lifestyle and incorporates the health related issues, mainly comprising of ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension and osteoarthritis. It is observed that the life style in the Saudi Arabia exerts less physical exertion among its citizens, due to which the prevalence of obesity has been increasing and hence, the occurrence of chronic diseases is expected.
The study conducted in this respect incorporated the case-control study in Saudi Arabia and the results of the study indicated the prevalence of diabetes among the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Group. Moreover, the participants who represented the prevalence of T2DM had the higher body mass index and waist circumference, which eventually indicates the prevalence of obesity among the group. Therefore, the result provides the empirical understanding about the prevalence of T2DM among the overweight individuals and hence, it is implied that the change in lifestyle has caused the occurrence of diabetes mellitus by means of incorporating the obesity.
Moreover, the individuals diagnosed with T2DM also indicated the family history of diabetes mellitus, which eventually indicates the unhealthy eating habits deriving from the family. In this instance, it is implied that the participants observed with the T2DM are highly inclined towards unhealthy food and lack an adequate level of physical activity. In this manner, the study provides the direction towards the implication, in which the adequate physical activities are required to be conducted by the individuals in order to maintain and hinder the occurrence of T2DM.
The frequency of the Del/Ins was observed to be among 34.9% participants, whereas 58.6% participants were observed with the Del/Del genotype and 6.6% participants indicated the Ins/Ins genotype. In this instance, it is implied that the lack of occurrence of genotype indicating the UCP2 was moderately high among the participants. The UCP2 gene plays a prominent role in the occurrence of obesity, which eventually leads towards the occurrence of chronic diseases among the carriers of UCP2 gene. Moreover, UCP2 gene also supports the effective secretion of insulin which eventually helps in the metabolic activity and causes the consumption of glucose in an effective manner.
The prevalence of UCP2 gene helps in the identification of the glucose consumption and ATP/ADP proportion. It supports the secretion of insulin due to which glucose is processed in the body and hence, the blood glucose level is maintained. It is observed that 58.6% of the participants had the Del/Del UCP2 genotype and considering the number of diagnosed cases of T2DM, it is evident that the UCP2 is a significant factor in maintaining the level of glucose.
The observed frequencies of genotype were compared with the expected frequencies in accordance with the Hardy – Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The HWE law helps in determining the consistency in the prevalence of alleles from generation to generation. The results from the chi-square test indicated the positive association between the prevailing and expected values. It indicates that the UCP2 genotype is considered to be consistent throughout the generations. Therefore, it is depicted that the individuals will possess the genetic tendency to regulate insulin in an effective manner. The results evidently indicate that the genotypes have reached the Hardy – Weinberg Equilibrium and hence, the genotype is expected to prevail over a period of time apart from the evolutionary influences.
Further results of the study were aimed to determine the association between UCP-2 and occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus Type II. In this instance, the association between UCP-2 and T2DM was not observed and the result was found to be significant. It implies that T2DM is not genetically formed and is highly dependent on the life style and activity level of the individuals. In this manner, it is incorporated that UCP-2 might be significant in regulating insulin as part of biological mechanism and can provide resistance towards T2DM, however, it is not related to the occurrence of T2DM empirically.
The results depicting the association between UCP-2 and obesity indicated the prevalence of no association between these variables. The results were significant throughout the groups of participants, which eventually indicates th
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