What is framework analysis?
Framework analysis is a systematic approach for
analyzing qualitative data. Rooted in the traditions of social research relevant to policy making, it was found to be a useful tool for analysis in multi-disciplinary health research where the eventual analysis of
qualitative data can identify themes and actionable insights relevant to policy outcomes.
Unlike some other
qualitative analysis methods, framework analysis is explicitly focused on addressing specific
research questions, making it particularly suitable for applied or policy-related
qualitative research.
Purpose of framework analysis
The primary aim of framework analysis is to offer a clear and transparent process for conducting qualitative research by managing, reducing, and analyzing large datasets without losing sight of the original context. Given the vast amounts of
data often generated in qualitative studies, having a systematic method to sift through this data is invaluable.
By using the framework method, researchers can remain focused on their research questions while ensuring that the
data collection and analysis process retains its integrity and depth.
Characteristics of framework analysis
Transparent structure: One of the distinct features of framework analysis is its emphasis on
transparency. Every step in the analysis process is documented, allowing for easy scrutiny and replication by multiple researchers.
Thematic framework: Central to framework analysis is the development of a framework identifying key themes, concepts, and relationships in the data. The framework guides the subsequent stages of
coding and charting.
Flexibility: While it provides a clear structure, framework analysis is also adaptable. Depending on the objectives of the study, researchers can modify the process to better suit their data and questions.
Iterative process: The process in framework analysis is not linear. As
data is collected and
data analysis progresses, researchers often revisit earlier stages, refining the framework or revising codes to better capture the nuances in the data.
Benefits of framework analysis
Conducting framework analysis has several advantages:
Rigorous data management: The structured approach means data is managed and analyzed with a high level of rigor, minimizing the potential influence of preconceptions.
Inclusivity: Framework analysis accommodates both a priori issues, driven by the
research questions, and emergent issues that arise from the data itself.
Comparability: Given its structured nature, framework analysis allows researchers to compare and contrast data, facilitating the identification of patterns and differences.
Accessibility: By presenting data in a
summarized, charted form, findings from framework analysis become more accessible and comprehensible, aiding in reporting and disseminating results.
Relevance for applied research: Given its origins in policy research and its clear focus on addressing specific research questions, framework analysis is particularly relevant for studies aiming to inform policy or practice.
