The Influence of Tradition and Modernity in The Age of Innocence: A Study of Character Development and Social Change

The Age of Innocence is not only a critique of New York’s high society but also a reflection on the changing dynamics of tradition and modernity during the late 19th century. Edith Wharton uses the characters and their experiences to illustrate the tension between the old world, defined by rigid traditions and moral codes, and the new world, which is beginning to embrace more liberal values and individual freedom.

At the heart of this conflict is Newland Archer, whose personal journey mirrors the larger societal shift taking place. As a man of tradition, Newland is committed to preserving the values and norms of his society. His engagement to May Welland represents his adherence to these ideals—May is a symbol of the established order, an ideal young woman of proper breeding and background.

However, Newland’s attraction to Ellen Olenska represents the pull of modernity. Ellen is a woman who has defied societal norms by seeking independence and rejecting the constraints of her aristocratic upbringing. She embodies a modern sensibility, one that values personal freedom and emotional honesty over social convention. Ellen’s modernity challenges Newland’s traditional views, and he finds himself drawn to her because she offers a glimpse into a life that contrasts sharply with the one he is expected to lead.

The novel shows how the clash between tradition and modernity affects the characters’ development and decisions. Newland’s inability to fully embrace modernity and pursue a life with Ellen reflects the societal pressures of his time. Wharton’s portrayal of this conflict serves as a commentary on the difficulty of adapting to changing social values and the sacrifices individuals make in the face of tradition.